引用站外地址
docker安装mysql_掘金
https://juejin.cn/post/7031188920511660063?searchId=202309151713138682827C024370E033B3

拉取mysql镜像

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docker pull mysql:8.0.23

hub.docker.com 在这个地址上可以搜索mysql其他版本镜像!

检测mysql镜像

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docker images
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[root@VM-8-14-centos ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                 TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
neosmemo/memos             latest    322df040d768   5 months ago   36MB
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager   latest    87926fb8f89e   5 months ago   842MB
logicjake/webmonitor       latest    caef03bb5750   7 months ago   462MB
mysql                      8.0.23    cbe8815cbea8   2 years ago    546MB

运行启动mysql镜像

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sudo docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql \
-v /usr/local/docker/mysql/mysql-files:/var/lib/mysql-files \
-v /usr/local/docker/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
-v /usr/local/docker/mysql/logs:/var/log/mysql \
-v /usr/local/docker/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root \
-d mysql:8.0.23

假如安装过程中失败了，则可通过docker ps -a查看以前的容器，假如已存在，则通过docker rm 镜像id 删除再重新安装即可。

查看docker运行列表

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docker ps -aq
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[root@VM-8-14-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                             COMMAND                   CREATED        STATUS              PORTS                                                                                  NAMES
c0a57a1f14eb   mysql:8.0.23                      "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 days ago     Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                                   mysql
b6888f8975fa   neosmemo/memos:latest             "./memos --mode prod…"   4 months ago   Up 4 months         0.0.0.0:5230->5230/tcp, :::5230->5230/tcp                                              memos
8e95fb1c1f9b   logicjake/webmonitor              "/bin/sh -c './run.s…"   4 months ago   Up 4 months         5000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8000->8000/tcp, :::8000->8000/tcp                                    webmonitor
0f1e3f6dd91b   jc21/nginx-proxy-manager:latest   "/init"                   4 months ago   Up 4 months         0.0.0.0:80-81->80-81/tcp, :::80-81->80-81/tcp, 0.0.0.0:443->443/tcp, :::443->443/tcp   memos-app-1

启动mysql镜像

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docker start mysql

停止mysql镜像

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docker stop mysql

假如希望查看mysql启动时的日志，可以执行 docker container logs mysql 这个指令。

查看docker启动的服务

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docker ps

进入容器 (退出容器用exit)

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sudo docker exec -it mysql bash

使用mysql

登陆(默认密码root)，一定要先进入mysql容器。

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mysql -uroot -proot

设置mysql开机自启动（可选）

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docker update mysql --restart=always

重启mysql服务

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docker restart mysql

查看mysql用户

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select host,user,plugin,authentication_string from mysql.user;

修改用户密码

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ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';

更新user为root，host为%的密码为123456

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ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';

更新user为root，host为localhost 的密码为123456